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Unix FAQ

How do I access my Unix account remotely?
You can access your Unix account remotely using an SSH protocol 2 client such as PuTTY or SSH Secure Shell Client (Version 3.2), which are available for free download. The login host name will be "unix.ecc.unr.edu".

How do I check my Unix Disk Quota?
Log into a Unix machine. If using the machine locally, open a Terminal and type "quota". If logged in remotely, just type "quota". Be sure to type "exit" and log out. (If logged in remotely, typing "exit" will log you out.)

How do I check my ECC Email account on unix?
You can check your ECC email account on unix by opening a console window and typing either 'pine' or 'mutt' and following on screen directions to check your mail.

Common Linux Commands

ls	Lists names of files/directories current directory
ls -al	Lists full information for files/directories (including hidden files) in current directory
pine	Opens your ECC email account in the Pine mail program
cd	Changes from your current directory to your home directory
cd [directory name]	Changes to named directory [Note: Directory must be within current directory, or you must include the path to the directory.]
cd ..	Go back one directory from current directory
mv [file1] [file2]	Moves contents of file1 into file2 [Note: If file2 already exists in the current directory, it will be overwritten with the contents of file1.]
mv [dir1] [dir2]	Moves contents of dir[ectory]1 into dir[irectory]2 [Note: If dir2 already exists in the current directory, entire directory dir1 will be placed inside dir2. If dir2 does not exist, only the contents of dir1 will be moved into dir2.]
rm -i [filename]	Confirms file to delete and deletes named file
rm [filename]	Deletes named file without confirmation (not recommended)
rmdir [directory name]	Deletes empty directory only (will not delete directory containing files or other directories)
rm -r [directory name]	Recursively deletes ALL contents of named directory and then deletes named directory
mkdir [directory name]	Creates directory with given name within current directory
quota	Lists Unix Disk Quota usage
passwd	Change your ECC Unix and Windows login password
lpquota	Displays your current ECC Print Quota
lp [filename]	Prints named file to default printer
vi [filename]	Opens, or creates in current directery and opens, namedfile in the VIM text editor
emacs [filename]	Opens, or creates in current directery and opens, named file in the XEmacs text editor
ssh [remote host name]	Attempts SSH2 connection with remote host
scp [arguments]	Copies files between hosts (See "man scp" for more information.)
man [command]	Opens manual page on given command
help [command]	Opens help page on given command

Common VI Commands

See Also: vi Commands
vi [filename]	Opens named file in command mode
Insert Commands
i, a, I, A	Changes to insert mode and puts cursor before cursor, after cursor, at beginning of line, at end of line
cw	Change word (hit ESC when done editing)
cc	Change line
C	Change text up to end of line
r x	Replace character with x
R text	Replace text beginning at cursor
s	Substitute character
S	Substitue entire line
u	Undo insert
ESC	Go back to Command Mode
Cursor Movement Commands
CTRL-F, CTRL-B	Scroll forward, backward one screen
CTRL-D, CTRL-U	Scroll down, up half a screen
CTRL-L	Refresh (redraw) screen
:n	Moves to line number n
CTRL-G	Displays current line number of cursor
l, spacebar	Move one character forward (right)
h	Move one character backward (left)
k	Move to previous line (up)
j	Move to next line (down)
nG, :n	Move to line number n
G	Move to las line in file
^G	Display current line number
w	Move one word forward
b	Move one word backward
e	Move to end of word
(	Move to beginning of current sentence
)	Move to beginning of next sentence
{	Move to beginning of current paragraph
}	Move to beginning of next paragraph
[[	Move to beginning of current section
]]	Move to beginning of next section
0	Move to beg of current line
$	Move to end of current line
+, return	Move to beginning of next line
-	Move to beginning of previous line
n\|	Column n of current line
H	Move to top line of screen
M	Move to middle line of screen
L	Move to bottom line of screen
nH	Move to n lines after top line
nL	Move to n lines before last line
^F	Scroll forward
^B	Scroll backward
Deletion Commands
x	Delete forward one character
X	Delete backward one character
5X	Delete backward five characters
dd	Delete current line
ndd	Delete n number of lines
D	Delete remainder of line
dw	Delete word
d}	Delete up to next paragraph
d^	Delete to beginning of line
d/ pattern	Delete until pattern
dn	Repeat d/pattern
df a	Delete until a on current line
dt a	Delete until a on current line butnot including a
dL	Delete up to last line on screen
dG	Delete up to end of file
p	Insert last deleted text after cursor
P	Insert last deleted text before cursor
u	Undo last change
U	Restore current line
.	Repeat last change
~	Reverse case
Copy and Paste Commands
y	Copy current line to new buffer
yy,Y; nyy,nY	Copy current line; Copy n lines
yw; nyw	Copy 1 word; Copy n words
y/pat	Copy until pattern
yn	Repeat y/pat
y}	Copy up to next paragraph
y^	Copy up to beginning of line
yfa	Copy up to a on current line including a
yta	Copy up to a on current line excluding a
yl	Copy up to last line on screen
yG	Copy up to end of file
p	Paste after cursor. If line copied, paste below cursor
P	Paste before cursor. If line copied paste above cursor
Searching and Marking Commands
/text	Search forward for text
?text	Search backward for text
n	Repeat previous search
N	Repeat search in opposite direction
/	Repeat forward search
?	Repeat backward search
%	Find match of current parenthesis, brace or bracket
mx	Mark current position with character x
`x	Move cursor to mark x
'x	Move to start of line containing x
``	Return to previous mark
''	Move to start of line containing previous mark
Saving and Exiting Commands
zz	Save and quit vi
:x	Save and quit vi
:wq	Save and quit vi
:w	Save file
:w file	Save to file
:n1,n2wfile	Save lines n1 to n2 to new file
:n1,n2w >> file	Save lines n1 to n2 to existing file
:w!	Save to file (overriding protection)
:w! file	Overwrite file
:w %.new	Save file as file.new
:q	Quit vi
:q!	Quit vi discarding edits
Q	Quit vi and invoke ex
:vi	Return to vi after Q command
:e file2	Edit file2 without leaving vi
:n	Edit next file
:e!	Return to version of current file at time of last write
:e#	Edit alternate file
%	Current filename
#	Alternate filename
Accessing Multiple Files
:e file	Edit another file, current file becomes alternate
:e!	Restore last saved version of current file
:e + file	Edit at the end of file
:e+ n file	Edit file at line n
:e #	Opens to previous position in alternate file
:n	Edit next file
:n!	Force next file
:n files	Specify new list of files
^G	Display current file and line number
:args	Display multiple files to be edited
:rew	Rewind list of multiple files to top
Other Commands
:sh	Create a subshell; Type exit to go back to vi
:!cmd	Run UNIX cmd then return to vi
!!	Repeat last system command
:so file	Read and execute command from file
:r !cmd	Read in output from file after current line
:r file	Read in contents of file after cursor
J	Join two lines
:j!	Join two lines, preserving blank spaces
<<	Left shift line
>>	Right shift line
>}	Shift right to end of paragraph
<%	Shift left unitl matching parenthesis, brace or bracket

Common Emacs Commands

Note:
C- = Control (Ctrl) key
M- = Meta key, generally the Alt key but can also be the Esc key

Essential Commands
C-x,C-f	Open a file, if file doesn't exist then create it
C-x,C-s	Save the file
C-x,C-w	Save to a new file
C-x,C-c	Exit XEmacs
C-x,u	Undo last edit
C-g	Cancel command
C-p	Move cursor one line up (an alternative to arrow keys
C-n	Move cursor one line down
C-f	Move cursor one character forward
C-b	Move cursor one character back
C-v	Scroll up
M-v	Scroll down
C-s	Search for characters
M-%	Search and replace characters
M-g	Go to line number
DEL	Backward delete character (an alternative to backspace key)
C-d	Forward delete character
C-x,2	Split window horizontally
C-x,1	Unsplit window
C-h	Enter the online help system
M-x,cmd	Search command cmd
File Handling Commands
C-x,C-f	Open file if file doesn't exist then create it
C-x,C-v	Open another file in the same buffer
C-x,i	Insert file at cursor position
C-x,C-s	Save file
C-x,C-w	Save to a new file
C-x,C-c	Exit XEmacs
C-z	Suspend XEmacs
Cursor Movement Commands
C-f	Move one character forward
C-b	Move one character backward
C-p	Move to previous line
C-n	Move to next line
M-f	Move one word forward
M-b	Move one word backward
C-a	Move to beginning of line
C-e	Move to end of line
M-a	Move backward one sentence
M-e	Move forward one sentence
M-]	Move backward one paragraph
M-[	Move forward one paragaraph
C-v	Scroll up
M-v	Scroll down
C-x,>	Scroll right
C-x,<	Scroll left
C-x,[	Move backward one page
C-x,]	Move forward one page
M->	Move to end of file
M-<	Move to beginning of file
M-g	Go to line number
C-l	Move cursor at the center of the buffer
Window Commands
C-x,2	Split window horizontally
C-x,5	Split window vertically
C-x,1	Delete other windows except current one
C-x,0	Delete current window
C-x,o	Move to the other window
C-x,^	Enlarge window vertically
C-x,}	Enlarge window horizontally
C-x,{	Shrink window horizontally
M-C-v	Scroll other window
C-x,4,f	Find file in other window
C-x,4,b	Select buffer in other window
Deletion Commands
DEL	Backward delete one character
C-d	Forward delete one character
M-DEL	Backward delete one word
M-d	Forward delete one word
C-k	Delete from cursor to end of line
M-k	Delete sentence
C-x,DEL	Delete previous sentence
C-y	Restore what was deleted
C-w	Delete a marked/highlighted region
Search Commands
C-s	Search forward
C-r	Search backward
Meta	Exit a successful search
C-g	Cancel search
DEL	Delete incorrect character search string
M-%	Search and replace characters
Buffer Manipulation Commands
C-x,b	Switch to another buffer
C-x,C-b	List all available buffers
C-x,k	Delete specified buffer
C-x,s	Prompt to save each modified buffer
Help Commands
C-h	Enter the online help system
C-h,t	Enter the Emacs tutorial
C-h,i	Start the info documentation reader
C-h,n	News about updates to Emacs
C-h,C-c	Emacs General Public License
C-h,C-d	Information on ordering Emacs from FSF
C-h,C-w	Describe the no warranty for Emacs

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